performance from his followers because he or she is able to inspire followers to raise their criteria for
success and develop innovative problem-solving skills (Bass, 1985; Yammarino & Bass, 1990). The
operations from a transformational leader that are considered to be effective in any situation or culture are
deeply held personal value systems that include things like justice and integrity. Burns (1978) refer to
these as end values that cannot be negotiated or exchanged between individuals.