The results of overseas subsidiaries are translated at the weighted average of monthly exchange rates for revenue and profits. The statements of financial position of overseas subsidiaries are translated at year end exchange rates. The resulting exchange differences are dealt with through reserves and reported in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting period are translated at the closing balance sheet rate. The resulting exchange gain or loss is recognised within the income statement, except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedge and
qualifying net investment hedges.