The vote counting technique is used to explain and
summarize the results. The vote-counting technique summarizes
positive, negative, and insignificant effects of
each independent variable on dependent variables in a
clear and convenient way (Hedges and Olkin 1980). Acritical value is used in the vote-counting technique in
order to reject the null hypothesis of an independent
variable with no effect on a dependent variable. Critical
value depends on the ratio between the number of studies
and the number of positive significant findings (Hedges
and Olkin 1980). This paper applies a hybrid approach as
applied by Zou and Stan (1998), whereby the votecounting
technique and narrative approach of literature
review are used together.