The total
score (KOS-ADLS total
) is presented in percentiles
(0%= the highest disability, 100%= no disability).
The KOS-ADLS total
also reflects psychological reactions such as fear of movement and anxiety (Scopaz,
Piva, Wisniewski, and Fitzgerald, 2009). The KOS-ADLS total
was used as a measure of total disability
level in this study and scores of the symptom (KOS-
ADLS symptom) and functional limitation sub-sections
(KOA-ADLS function
) were used to inform on the
levels of symptom and functional limitation, respectively, as secondary measures.