Wheat seed was always treated with carbathiin/lindane at 30 g ai kg seed for protection against diseases and
insects. Broadleaved weeds were controlled with bro-moxynil/MCPA at 560 g ai in theB. tectorumplots, grass weeds were controlled with tralkoxydim at 200 g ai ha plus Turbocharge adjuvant at 0.5%v/v in the broadleaved plots, and these herbicides were combined to control weeds in the weed-free plots