investigate specific violations of international law in a systematic manner for the purpose of a) establishing proof of responsibility, b) testing the validity of prior allegations, c) establishing an even deeper understanding of evidence, or d) fulfilling all three goals by way of a mixed approach.5 Whereas monitoring and reporting missions are oriented toward the prevention and mitigation of harm to civilians, fact-finding is intended to ascertain which means of ensuring accountability is most appropriate. Fact-finding missions go beyond simply gathering evidence by determining which courts (or other corrective measures) would be most capable of correcting the violations. (Whereas “monitoring and reporting” is standard terminology to describe investigations into international law violations, “fact-finding” is an emerging category to capture the distinctions from the other two.)