Randomized Controlled Trials in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Nikooyeh et al studied 90 diabetic patients who were allocated to receive twice daily either plain yoghurt drink (containing 150 mg calcium), vitamin D fortified yoghurt drink (containing 500 IU vitamin D plus 150 mg calcium), or vitamin D plus calcium fortified yoghurt drink (containing 500 IU vitamin D plus 250 mg calcium) for 12 weeks [85]. Compared with the plain yoghurt drink group, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR decreased statistically significantly in the other 2 groups (decrease of HbA1c was -0.4 % in both groups). These metabolic improvements were, however, accompanied by a significant decrease in waist circumference and BMI. A further similar RCT was performed in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes who received twice
daily over 12 weeks either plain yoghurt drink (containing
170 mg calcium) or vitamin D-fortified yoghurt drink (containing
170 mg calcium plus 500 IU vitamin D per day)