The negative effects of fatigue have been demonstrated in occupations outside of healthcare, such as forestry and commercial motor vehicle (CMV) operation . The Hours of Service of Drivers Final Rule (49 CFR Parts 385, 390, and 395) is a federal regulation that limits hours of driving between off-duty periods, consecutive hours of driving, and the number of work hours allowable over seven- to eight-day periods for drivers of property- and passenger-carrying CMVs . The basis for such regulations has been the belief that increased time awake and acute continuous sleep deprivation decrease both alertness and quality of task performance. Evidence from health healthcare settings also suggests that chronic partial sleep deprivation has a cumulative effect on alertness and performance, particularly under conditions of chronically long work hours without adequate off-duty time between shifts