The study was approved by the Institutional Review
Boards (IRBs) of both medical centres. Furthermore,
this study was approved by the nursing departments of
both medical centres to ensure its minimum interference
with clinical nursing practice areas. Cumulatively, this
study was conducted in 90 nursing ward units. Proportionate
random sampling was used to increase
sample representativeness. Research assistants approached
eligible nurses and asked if they would be
willing to participate in the study. The participants were
then briefed on the studys purpose. Consenting nurses
received a questionnaire, a gift (rose essence soap)
representing our appreciation, and an envelope for the
completed questionnaire. Participants were given
3 days to complete the questionnaire, minimizing any
interference with caring routines. Research assistants
made appointments with the participants to collect the
completed questionnaires.