Sixth, some civil society associations have turned global by undertaking transworld regulatory activities themselves. That is, these organizations have become directly involved in mechanisms to formulate, implement, monitor and enforce global governance measures. For example, in the late 1990s hundreds of civil society associations joined with the World Bank in a Structural Adjustment Policy Review Initiative to assess the effects of macroeconomic reforms in eight countries (SAPRI, 2004; SAPRIN, 2004). The Ethical Trading Initiative, established in 1998 with sponsorship of the British government, has
involved 18 NGOs and 4 trade union federations. NGO Forums have often exercised notable influence on the declarations and programmes of action that emanate from UN-sponsored global issue conferences of the 1990s. Such impact was especially apparent during the population meeting at Cairo in 1994, when interventions from the NGO Forum were instrumental in preserving commitments to family planning.