an institution is an enduring and stable set of arrangements that regulates individual and group behaviour on the basis of established rules and procedures. Political institutions have a formal and often legal character employ explicit and usually enforceable rules and decision-make procedures and are typically part of the machinery of the state. For this reason political institutions have been defined as the rules of the game examples of political institutions include constitution elections parliaments bureaucracies judiciaries party systems and so on. Institutionalism as an approach to political analysis is the attempt to make sense of political realities by studying the causes of and consequences of political institution . It thus views institutions as political actors in their own right independent from and capable of influencing wider social, economic and cultural forces