Our investigation has several limitations. First, our study design was cross-sectional, which
does not allow us to explore causation. To overcome this limitation, it would be necessary to
conduct a longitudinal study in Dakar in the future. Second, as in many studies, arterial blood
pressure was measured twice during a single visit, which may lead to misestimating the prevalence of HTN due to conditions such as white-coat HTN and masked HTN [59]. Third, the
HTN treatment rate was assessed solely by individual self-reporting. The social desirability bias regarding treatment reporting among those aware ofHTN is ofcourse a limitation that verification ofthe actual presence of medication in the home might have limited.