CONCLUSIONS
Research on maize-legume intercropping systems in
India has shown advantage in both soil fertility and crop
yields, particularly for cereal crop which is the staple
food crop for smallholder farmers, beside its other
advantage for soil conservation, minimizing incidence of
pest and disease and insurance against crop failure,.
However, lack of participatory approaches and
fragmentation of land under farmer’s conditions, mainly
the inclusion of resource-less farmers, could not allow
easy adoption by these smallholders. Moreover, most of
the studies that have been done on maize-legume
intercropping systems were focused on maize yields,
which were not able to show clearly the amount of
nitrogen was fixed by the legume component within the
season, probably due to difficult on the measurements
procedures. Therefore, it is necessary more research that
involves smallholder farmers for sustainable. Also, there
is need for proper handle of several issues of accessibility
and affordability of improving economic status of
smallholder farmer.