SES.
The SES of participants was assessed with a composite based on sev-
eral different convergent measures. First, employment records indicated the
highest educational level completed (100% response rate). In addition, par-
ticipants self-reported the following items (numbers in parentheses indicate
the response rate for each item): income (69%); “economic class,” with mul-
tiple response choices, including lower class, working class, middle class,
and upper class (81%); mother’s highest educational level completed (57%);
and father’s highest educational level completed (55%). These items were
labeled optional, and each participant completed an average of 2.6 of the 4
self-report measures (median
=
3). The average product–moment correlation
among the five items was .49, which yielded Cronbach’s alpha of .78 for the
composite measure used in analyses below.