Two RCTs, reporting results from 93 patients, were included in this review. Patients given a high-carbohydrate feeding formula had an
odds ratio (OR) of 0.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.39) for developing pneumonia compared to patients given a high-fat
enteral formula (P value = 0.0004). Patients given a high-carbohydrate formula had an OR of 0.36 (95% CI 0.11 to 1.15) for risk of
death compared to patients given a high-fat enteral formula; this difference did not reach statistical significance (P value = 0.08). Risk
of bias in these studies was assessed as high and moderate.