2.5. Preparation of control biscuits
Control biscuits were prepared using the creaming method adopted
by [17] with slight modification. Bakery shortening was creamed using
Hobart Mixer at high speed (259 RPM) until its volume doubled.
Ground sugar was then mixed to the foamed cream along with the
lecithin and cardamom flavor. Refined wheat flour, skimmed milk
powder, whey protein concentrate, and sodium bicarbonate were
homogenously mixed, added to the above creamed mixture and
mixed to a crumbly texture. Required amount of water was divided in
two parts to dissolve salt in one and ammonium bicarbonate in the
other, before adding to the above mixture to prepare dough. The
dough was then fed in to the cookie drop machine and biscuits of spiral
shape with a thickness of 3 mm were collected on baking tray and baked
at 165 °C for 16 min followed by cooling at room temperature for
30 min. Biscuits were packed in metallized LDPE pouches (20.87 μm
thick) and stored at 37 °C for further analysis.