Discussion
Maternal deaths due to PPH are commonly
found during the first seven days after birth of the
newborn
(3)
. The majority of these deaths, accounting
for 88%, occur within 1-4 hours of delivery
(24)
. Thus,
immediate management is necessary to prevent PPH.
AMTSL has been proven to reduce the incidence of
PPH. However, the management needs well-trained
attendances and good facility of delivery suites.
Therefore, in developing countries where resources
and facilities are not readily available, the appropriate
intervention of PPH may be delayed
(12-14)
. The report
reveals a high number of maternal deaths of 500,000
per year, 35% of which were caused by PPH
(25,26)
. To
achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
within 2015 launched by WHO, vigorous management
to decrease maternal mortality ratio (MMR) as 5.5%
every year is attempted
(27)
. However, MMR decreases
as low as less than 1% per year. In 1990, the average of
MMR was 430/100,000 of live birth and in 2005, its
average was 400/100,000 of live births
(27)
.
Using uterotonic drugs and uterine massage
through the abdomen have been proven to successfully
reduce blood loss in the postpartum period
(8)
. A study
done by Surbek et al
(29)
showed that giving misoprostol
600 mg orally, promptly after cord clamping could
reduce the amount of blood loss (p = 0.031) but the rate
of PPH was not statistically different (p = 0.43). However,
the outcomes of the present study regarding amount
of blood loss and incidence of PPH were somewhat
similar to those managed by AMTSL. Over more, the
management by oxygen inhalation in order to improve
tissue hypoxia and enhance uterine contraction is
able to decrease the rate of PPH (Table 4), but only a
few studies have been established so far
(22)
. LUSC in
this present study was able to reduce blood loss by
29.26 ml (289.70 + 179.53 vs. 260.44 + 116.30; p = 0.012)
and prevent PPH with statistical significance (p = 0.02);
from 23 cases (6.8%) to 10 cases (2.9%), accounting for
56.5% reduction. In the present research, the authors
found the occurrence ofnew existing PPH observed
2 hours after birth in both groups (7 women in the
control group and 6 women in the experimental group).
Perhaps, the duration of management by LUSC may
not be long enough. As an evidence to support this