Islam arrived in Iran in the seventh century CE with the
armies of Caliph Umar, and over the subsequent centuries became
deeply embedded in Iranian society and culture. Later,
when Christian Europe was in the depths of the Dark Ages,
Muslim Iran carried the torch of intellectual advancement,
making crucial scientific contributions to mathematics, astronomy,
engineering, and architecture, as well as philosophy,
poetry, and the arts.2 Starting in the early sixteenth century,
the Safavid Dynasty made Shi’a Islam the official religion of
the state, gradually displacing the then-dominant Sunni tradition
and ushering in a period of power and influence. Yet
by the late 1700s, the country was in political decline, as the
military and cultural significance of the country led to entanglement
in the affairs of expanding European powers and
extended periods of domestic strife.
Islam arrived in Iran in the seventh century CE with thearmies of Caliph Umar, and over the subsequent centuries becamedeeply embedded in Iranian society and culture. Later,when Christian Europe was in the depths of the Dark Ages,Muslim Iran carried the torch of intellectual advancement,making crucial scientific contributions to mathematics, astronomy,engineering, and architecture, as well as philosophy,poetry, and the arts.2 Starting in the early sixteenth century,the Safavid Dynasty made Shi’a Islam the official religion ofthe state, gradually displacing the then-dominant Sunni traditionand ushering in a period of power and influence. Yetby the late 1700s, the country was in political decline, as themilitary and cultural significance of the country led to entanglementin the affairs of expanding European powers andextended periods of domestic strife.
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