(e) semi-natural systems (SN) represented by former vineyards:
the model was kept in equilibrium conditions under the cork
oak forest from 1900 to 1938, then the vineyard establishment
(2 yr with zero plant inputs from 1939 to 1940) and
the gradual development were first simulated with a transition
phase (1941–1942) characterized by reduced plant
inputs (1.00 t C ha1) and the fully developed vineyard from
1943 to 1965 (1.50 t C ha1); and finally its subsequent
abandonment from 1966 with the gradual restoration of natural
vegetation (4.20 t C ha1).