Institutional outcomes
The measure of institutional outcome is the level of conflict the
association has experienced on a scale of 0 to 3 (none, nondisruptive,
moderately disruptive, or disruptive). To estimate the
effects of women’s participation on conflict while controlling for
the other variables we use the ordinal logit model, where the
dependent variable is now the 0 to 3 scale of conflict and the
independent variables are the those reported in Table 1 for IFRI
forest associations in addition to the two indicators of women’s
participation at that level. These results are presented in Table 7.
Model 1 of Table 7 reports the results when using an indicator of
having a woman leader of the forest association to predict conflict,
while Model 2 reports the results when using the proportion of the
forest association councilors that are women to predict conflict.
Table 7 suggests that past participation by women is important;
forest associations which had women councilors in the past are
less likely to have disruptive conflict, holding all other variables at
their means (significant at the 0.05 level). The contemporaneous
measures of women’s participation are both of the expected sign,
but only the proportion of women councilors is significant (at the
0.10 level).