The approach of only homogenizing the cream fraction and mixing with skim milk instead of the whole full-cream milk concentrate has not been previously examined. In the alternative process,
citrate was added to the cream fraction (hereafter called citrated cream) prior to homogenization to improve the processability of the cream fraction. The quality characteristics of fullcream powders made using the alternative process with citrated cream and the energy requirements for the process were compared to those of other traditional processes of full-cream milk powder
manufacture.