2. Materials and methods
At this stage it is not clear how the ordinary Portland cement (OPC), silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) work together, therefore, this research is carried out to find out how these ternary cementitious systems affect the concrete properties. Nine concrete mixtures are prepared with water/cementitious material and sand/aggregate ratios of 0.4. The chemical admixtures (high performance super plasticizer and air entraining agent) dosages were changed to achieve the required values of slump and air content (the concrete mixtures designed to achieve slump of 10 ± 2 cm and air content of 4 ± 1%). The mix proportions of concrete mixtures are listed in Table 1.