Root system
The plant has a profusely branched, fine root
system. Under optimal conditions, the total root
length, excluding the root hairs, can reach 1 500 m.
If root growth is not restricted, the root system
of a mature plant extends approximately 1,5 m
laterally and downwards to approximately 2,0 m
or even deeper. The permanent root system has
adventitious and prop roots. Adventitious roots3
develop in a crown of roots from nodes below the
soil surface. Normally four to six adventitious
roots are formed per band. After tasselling, prop
roots develop into bands from the first two to
three aerial nodes. These roots are comparatively
thick, pigmented and covered with a waxy substance.
Prop roots have the dual function of providing
support to the plant and taking up nutrients.
Numerous root hairs occur on young plants. Root
hairs increase root surface area that is exposed
to the soil, and play an important role in
absorption of water and nutrients.