Principles of action –Measures/Strategies
• Preventive
• Corrective • Polluter Pay Principle(PPP) • Integrate
• Now, Cheap, Future • Now: precautionary principle-> Result: Unclear, severe
• Problem in the past
• Polluters bear the burden
• Integrate environmental policy to other related policies
Instrument/Tools • Command/control (legal approach)
• Economic (incentives/disincentives)
• Technical
• Voluntary
• Regulation • Emission standards
• Market Control • Tax, Charge • Subsidy • Trade barriers
• Green technology
• negotiation, persuasion, information campaigns, • product information (labels), • education, .