Comparison of M. hiemalis and S. cerevisiae in Fig. 7 indicatedthat M. hiemalis had a better performance for ethanol produc-tion by SSF. Filamentous fungi compare to baker’s yeast have anumber of advantages. They are able to utilize pentoses such asxylan to ethanol, while S. cerevisiae is capable of assimilating onlyhexoses. Moreover, these fungi are able to grow at higher tem-peratures than S. cerevisiae (Goshadrou et al., 2011; Karimi et al.,2006). The optimum temperature for the enzymatic hydrolysis isabout 45◦C, while the suitable temperature for the fermentation isabout 32◦C (Taherzadeh and Karimi, 2007). The ability of fungi togrow at higher temperature allows choosing a higher temperature in the SSF process. Therefore, obtaining a higher ethanol yieldby M. hiemalis compared to S. cerevisiae can be related to thecapability of the fungus to grow and produce ethanol at highertemperatures. Beside the advantages, fermentation using dimor-phic fungi is accompanied with a number of difficulties at largescale fermentation compared to fermentation using yeasts. At fila-mentous morphology, the fungi grow on the agitator, baffles, and indicator probes, coming up with control and handling problems.Thus, changing and controlling of the morphology as well as theproblems should be considered and addressed.