Physical Effects
The state of knowledge on the engineering aspects of weather-related driving risks is quite advanced. In particular, the physical effects of weather on road surface friction and driver visibility are reasonably well understood. Road surface friction can be predicted with a fair degree of accuracy given detailed information on the storm, road, vehicle, and traffic conditions. Similarly, a number of factors are known to affect driver visibility— especially precipitation/fog intensity, but also droplet size, ambient illuminence, blowing snow, snow bank obstructions at intersections, wiper speed, and splash and spray from other vehicles.
However, converting estimates of frictional change or impaired visibility into collision risk is much more difficult. Although there is evidence of an inverse, statistically significant relationship between collision incidence and reduced friction/visibility, the stochastic nature of collisions and heterogeneity of driver response (both physiological and intentional) limit the utility of statistical models in explaining collision risk for small spatial or temporal units.
Physical Effects
The state of knowledge on the engineering aspects of weather-related driving risks is quite advanced. In particular, the physical effects of weather on road surface friction and driver visibility are reasonably well understood. Road surface friction can be predicted with a fair degree of accuracy given detailed information on the storm, road, vehicle, and traffic conditions. Similarly, a number of factors are known to affect driver visibility— especially precipitation/fog intensity, but also droplet size, ambient illuminence, blowing snow, snow bank obstructions at intersections, wiper speed, and splash and spray from other vehicles.
However, converting estimates of frictional change or impaired visibility into collision risk is much more difficult. Although there is evidence of an inverse, statistically significant relationship between collision incidence and reduced friction/visibility, the stochastic nature of collisions and heterogeneity of driver response (both physiological and intentional) limit the utility of statistical models in explaining collision risk for small spatial or temporal units.
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