if a NNEST’s L1 is Japanese, his or her L2 learning experience may be quite different
from that of a student from, say, Saudi Arabia. The students’ L1 knowledge affects greatly the
areas of difficulty that they find in the target language.Other factors, such as cognitive and
affective variability, also point to diverse areas of the L2 property in determining the degree
of difficulty. Thus, learner variation needs to be taken into account when evaluating learner
performance, which is particularly crucial in an ESL setting where the classroom consists
of students with various backgrounds.
if a NNEST’s L1 is Japanese, his or her L2 learning experience may be quite different
from that of a student from, say, Saudi Arabia. The students’ L1 knowledge affects greatly the
areas of difficulty that they find in the target language.Other factors, such as cognitive and
affective variability, also point to diverse areas of the L2 property in determining the degree
of difficulty. Thus, learner variation needs to be taken into account when evaluating learner
performance, which is particularly crucial in an ESL setting where the classroom consists
of students with various backgrounds.
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