2.1. Materials
Shell-derived AC is a commercial product purchased from Changzhou Bihai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Three different biochars were produced from agricultural/forestry wastes such as camphor (SC), rice hull (SR), and bamboo (SB). The wastes were cut into small pieces, washed, and baked in the oven at 60 C for 48 h. The pieces were then ground into small particles by using a crusher. The sizes of the particles were determined to be between 0.3 and 0.4 mm after screening. The waste was pyrolyzed at 400 C under an O2-free atmosphere in a ceramic fiber muffle furnace. The heating rate was initially set at 10 C/min and increased to the selected pyrolysis temperature, with a holding time of 5 h at the final temperature. The samples were cooled by ventilation to 30 C with nitrogen gas.