The initial strategy to identify journal papers was a search of Google Scholar and the electronic database, Ebsco
Megafile Complete. An initial sampling without specifying the publication year revealed that the content of the
papers prior to 2005 were not relevant because of the types of educational technology employed. As indicated in
Table 1, there were substantially more records in Google Scholar, but the majority either did not meet the criteria of
peer-reviewed empirical journal papers and book chapters, or were duplicate entries. The electronic database revealed substantially fewer results. There were zero electronic database returns when combining the search terms,
university, lecture, recording with either attendance or achievement. The database uses SmartText searching to
source additional results based on the submitted keywords. Most of these papers revealed small mentions as a subtheme
in a paper on a different research theme. A manual search of key educational technology journals and bridging
from the relevant papers’ end-text references revealed additional sources. Three coders identified the key scholarly
papers with thematic relevance resulting in a detailed analysis of 30 publications.