With regard to the banking industry,
Johnson and Johnson (1985) proposed that
the width and depth of the product and
service line, low operating costs, and a good
bank reputation can be considered as the
three critical success factors in a competitive
market in the banking industry. Canals
(1993) recognized that the concepts of value
chain and bank configuration could be employed
to develop a bank's competitive
advantage. He identified four sources of a
bank's competitive advantage, namely:
1 manpower;
2 financial management;
3 asset base; and
4 intangible assets.