discussing the urban development effects of HSR. The
first perspective distinguishes between direct, indirect
and external effects. Direct effects are the direct costs
and benefits of HSR for passengers (travel costs,
reduced travel times) and HSR builders and operators
(construction and operating costs, ticket revenues).
Indirect effects are the costs and benefits for actors in
the economic system that do not use, build or operate
the HSR themselves. External effects are costs and
benefits for which no evident economic value can be
assigned, such as effects on the natural environment or
on the quality of life. The second perspective discussed
in the literature classifies HSR’s effects into those at
national, regional, city and station levels, according to
their spatial scope. These two perspectives are not
mutually exclusive. Direct, indirect and external effects
can be shown at each spatial level and the effects at each
spatial level include both direct and indirect compo-
nents.
In order to shed light on the effects of HSR on urban
development, this paper adopts a combined perspective.
It focuses on the direct and indirect effects of
HSR on urban development (external effects, while
important, are still not reflected in enough consoli-
dated findings in the literature). The direct (transport)
effects constitute a relatively well-defined domain, but
one cutting across different spatial levels; it therefore
seems appropriate to discuss these effects separately,
and by combining the different spatial levels. On the
contrary, indirect effects are both more difficult to
isolate and more focused on a particular spatial level,
and so the discussion of indirect effects will be
organized along spatial levels. There are few studies
focusing on the national level, hence they have been
integrated into the regional level, which is also more
directly relevant considering the urban development
focus of this paper.
The literature review addresses the direct transport
effects (Section 2) and indirect effects of HSR at a
regional level (Section 3); urban level (Section 4); and
at a local/station area level (Section 5). It is important to
note here that this literature review framework is chiefly
a way of organizing the material, and does not aim to
provide explanations itself, for instance by suggesting
causal relationships. Combining these insights with
those specific to the Chinese context, in Section 7, we
will answer the second question by discussing the
potential urban development implications and planning
challenges of HSR for China. Finally, answering the
third research question, in Section 8, this paper points
out the main HSR-related topics deserving future
research in a Chinese context
discussing the urban development effects of HSR. The
first perspective distinguishes between direct, indirect
and external effects. Direct effects are the direct costs
and benefits of HSR for passengers (travel costs,
reduced travel times) and HSR builders and operators
(construction and operating costs, ticket revenues).
Indirect effects are the costs and benefits for actors in
the economic system that do not use, build or operate
the HSR themselves. External effects are costs and
benefits for which no evident economic value can be
assigned, such as effects on the natural environment or
on the quality of life. The second perspective discussed
in the literature classifies HSR’s effects into those at
national, regional, city and station levels, according to
their spatial scope. These two perspectives are not
mutually exclusive. Direct, indirect and external effects
can be shown at each spatial level and the effects at each
spatial level include both direct and indirect compo-
nents.
In order to shed light on the effects of HSR on urban
development, this paper adopts a combined perspective.
It focuses on the direct and indirect effects of
HSR on urban development (external effects, while
important, are still not reflected in enough consoli-
dated findings in the literature). The direct (transport)
effects constitute a relatively well-defined domain, but
one cutting across different spatial levels; it therefore
seems appropriate to discuss these effects separately,
and by combining the different spatial levels. On the
contrary, indirect effects are both more difficult to
isolate and more focused on a particular spatial level,
and so the discussion of indirect effects will be
organized along spatial levels. There are few studies
focusing on the national level, hence they have been
integrated into the regional level, which is also more
directly relevant considering the urban development
focus of this paper.
The literature review addresses the direct transport
effects (Section 2) and indirect effects of HSR at a
regional level (Section 3); urban level (Section 4); and
at a local/station area level (Section 5). It is important to
note here that this literature review framework is chiefly
a way of organizing the material, and does not aim to
provide explanations itself, for instance by suggesting
causal relationships. Combining these insights with
those specific to the Chinese context, in Section 7, we
will answer the second question by discussing the
potential urban development implications and planning
challenges of HSR for China. Finally, answering the
third research question, in Section 8, this paper points
out the main HSR-related topics deserving future
research in a Chinese context
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