1. Introduction
Forensic scientists worldwide are now investigating the value of Next Generation Sequncing (NGS) for forensic genomic applications [1]. NGS systems are capable of answering a wide range of questions in a single targeted assay. This includes core and expanded sets of autosomal, X and Y markers (STRs), several categories of SNPs (identity SNPs, ancestry SNPs, phenotypic SNPs), and the mtDNA genome (control region or complete mtDNA genome). The introduction of NGS has also revolutionized transcriptomics. RNA sequencing analysis has been traditionally performed through whole transcriptome sequencing, but now targeted RNA sequencing is available. A targeted RNA NGS approach will be beneficial for the identification of body fluids in that significantly more biomarkers can be included in a single assay and quantitative measurements of gene expression are obtained. The ultimate goal of this project is to utilize multiplexed targeted re-sequencing of mRNA transcripts in order to identify the body fluid or tissue of origin and to uniquely associate a specific DNA profile (i.e. donor of the stain) with the specific body fluid type through the analysis of coding region SNPs (cSNPs) within each individual mRNA target. Additionally, we intend to investigate combining the RNA analysis with gDNA STR sequencing allowing simultaneous human individual identification and forensic tissue identification. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of targeted multiplex next generation RNA sequencing assay for the tissue source determination of forensic samples. The assay permits the identification of all forensically relevant body fluids and tissues (blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin). We also successfully demonstrate the ability to detect the components of two-fluid admixed samples. The prototype assay is currently undergoing sensitivity and specificity testing, as well as platform compatibility. Once completed, the assay will be further developed to include miRNA biomarkers as well as cSNP assays.
บทนำForensic scientists worldwide are now investigating the value of Next Generation Sequncing (NGS) for forensic genomic applications [1]. NGS systems are capable of answering a wide range of questions in a single targeted assay. This includes core and expanded sets of autosomal, X and Y markers (STRs), several categories of SNPs (identity SNPs, ancestry SNPs, phenotypic SNPs), and the mtDNA genome (control region or complete mtDNA genome). The introduction of NGS has also revolutionized transcriptomics. RNA sequencing analysis has been traditionally performed through whole transcriptome sequencing, but now targeted RNA sequencing is available. A targeted RNA NGS approach will be beneficial for the identification of body fluids in that significantly more biomarkers can be included in a single assay and quantitative measurements of gene expression are obtained. The ultimate goal of this project is to utilize multiplexed targeted re-sequencing of mRNA transcripts in order to identify the body fluid or tissue of origin and to uniquely associate a specific DNA profile (i.e. donor of the stain) with the specific body fluid type through the analysis of coding region SNPs (cSNPs) within each individual mRNA target. Additionally, we intend to investigate combining the RNA analysis with gDNA STR sequencing allowing simultaneous human individual identification and forensic tissue identification. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of targeted multiplex next generation RNA sequencing assay for the tissue source determination of forensic samples. The assay permits the identification of all forensically relevant body fluids and tissues (blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin). We also successfully demonstrate the ability to detect the components of two-fluid admixed samples. The prototype assay is currently undergoing sensitivity and specificity testing, as well as platform compatibility. Once completed, the assay will be further developed to include miRNA biomarkers as well as cSNP assays.
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