Pastore (2010) examined the effects of timecompressed
instruction and visual representations
in a multimedia environment on recall, problem
solving, and cognitive load. 216 university
students were placed in Time Compression (0%,
25%, and 50%) x 2 Visual (Visual and No-Visual)
treatments. Each treatment was presented in a
multimedia environment with static visuals and
narration on the human heart and its parts, which
originally developed by Dwyer and Lamberski
(1983). For the factual knowledge assessment,
there was no significant difference in the 0%
and 25% compression groups. These groups
performed significantly better than the 50%
compression group. Additionally, the with visual
groups performed better than the with non-visual
groups. The problem solving measure indicated
that learning was not suppressed at 25%, when
visuals were present, and was significantly lower
at 50% regardless of presentation method. The
cognitive load measure revealed that those
presented 0% and 25% compression speeds
indicated lower levels than those presented 50%.
Additionally, learners presented visuals indicated
lower levels than those presented no visuals. This
study suggests that time-compression can be used
to present complex material and retain problem
solving knowledge as long as it is presented in a
multimedia environment.