The phrase "Gross National Happiness" (GNH); Wylie: gyal-yong ga'a-kyid pal-'dzoms) was coined in 1972 by Bhutan's fourth Dragon King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The phrase was coined as a signal of commitment to building an economy that would serve Bhutan's culture based on Buddhist spiritual values instead of the western material development that was represented by gross national product (GNP).[1]