The following strategies may be used to promote
self-efficacy in patients22:
• Point out temporal associations between new
skill acquisition and recent successes.
• Reinforce effort and persistence.
• Help identify early symptoms.
• Facilitate peer-modeling opportunities by organizing
small discussion groups in which patients
who have successfully self-managed incontinence
share helpful strategies with others who have similar
continence concerns.
• Help struggling patients identify or create meaningful
goals.