Fig. 1. Effect of phage treatment on L. monocytogenes levels in various foods (A) Lettuce. Experimentally contaminated lettuce was treated with water (white bar) or ListShield™
(gray bars). Limit of detection is 18 CFU/g. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM) (n ¼ 3). *p < 0.05; (B) Smoked salmon. Experimentally contaminated smoked
salmon was treated with PBS (white bar) or ListShield™ (gray bars). Limit of detection 18 CFU/g. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM) (n ¼ 3). *p < 0.05; (C)
Frozen entrees. Experimentally contaminated frozen beef and vegetable entr ees were treated with PBS (white bar) or ListShield ™ (gray bars). Limit of detection is 4 CFU/g. Error
bars represent SEM (n ¼ 9). ***p < 0.001.