Reading
The reading subtest of the standardized Wide Range Achievement Test-
3 (WRAT-3) was used. This test begins with letter identification and progresses
to reading a graded series of words, beginning with very easy
words.
Vocabulary
Receptive vocabulary was measured using the Peabody Picture Vocabu-
lary Test—Revised (Dunn & Dunn, 1981), in which the child is required to
point to the one of four pictures that best represents the word read out loud
by the experimenter.
Music
We presented both sequential (rhythm and melody) and simultaneous
(chord) music tasks to parallel the above segmentation and blending
tasks with speech sounds. All musical stimuli were comprised of piano tones.
All of the same/different tasks closely parallel the oddity task for phone-
mic awareness. Whether the stimulus was sequential (melody and rhythm)
or simultaneous (chords), the child was required to determine whether
two presentations were identical or different in one element. In each task,
half of the trials were identical and half were different.