Through a comparative study between traditional
career and boundarylesscareer, Sullivan (1999) found that employment philosophy, employment
relationship, self-career design, organizational career management, and career success criteria had
dramatically changed in the process of economic development. Briscoe and Hall (2006) did another
comparative study between boundaryless career and protean career and suggested that the sense of
identity and values could guide one’s career; adaptability and flexibility could substantially decide one’s
direction, potential and career success; value driving, self-direction, psychological and physical mobility
determined the patterns of individuals’ careers.