Compared with cage-free barn, aviary, and free-range systems, furnished cages are inadequate. Space allowance
in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the enclosure impedes movement, limiting important natural
behavior. As well, the restrictive design of furnished cages prevents the hens from exercising, leading to disuse
osteoporosis, liver pathology, and skeletal weakness, which leaves hens prone to skeletal fractures during
depopulation, when they are removed from the cages. Further, scientific evidence suggests that birds kept in
cages are more fearful of other birds and of employees, compared to hens in cage-free environments. Though
there are very few studies that directly compare furnished cages to cage-free systems,22 many studies
Compared with cage-free barn, aviary, and free-range systems, furnished cages are inadequate. Space allowancein both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the enclosure impedes movement, limiting important naturalbehavior. As well, the restrictive design of furnished cages prevents the hens from exercising, leading to disuseosteoporosis, liver pathology, and skeletal weakness, which leaves hens prone to skeletal fractures duringdepopulation, when they are removed from the cages. Further, scientific evidence suggests that birds kept incages are more fearful of other birds and of employees, compared to hens in cage-free environments. Thoughthere are very few studies that directly compare furnished cages to cage-free systems,22 many studies
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