Helpful Hints
The literature has long discussed helpful hints in OPACs, including help by means of query expansion and search tips. Context-sensitive help may be used to assist users in question negotiation. The CSULA catalog utilizes contextsensitive search examples on its basic search screen. As shown in figure 9, when the user selects a search method, a context-sensitive example appears above the searchinput box that tells the user how to input an author search, a title search, or a keyword search when that option has been selected. This approach minimizes clutter on the screens. Brajnik et al. explain that help should be provided autonomously by the system without the user’s request, offering tools and concepts that will enable users to generate better strategies. Another approach is to implement user help through tips or tactics selected and accumulated from a collection of common usersearch mistakes. In such a case, the system would play a more active role by generating relevant search tips on the fly and using zero-hits search results as a basis for generating a spell check or suggesting alternate wording. An ideal scenario is that OPAC allows the user to pursue multiple avenues of an inquiry by entering fragments of the question, exploring vocabulary choices, and reformulating the search with the assistance of various specialized intelligent assistants. Borgman suggests that an OPAC should be judged by whether the catalog answers questions rather than merely matches queries. She suggests the need to design systems that are based on behavioral models of how people ask questions, arguing that users still need to translate their question into what a system will accept.
Helpful HintsThe literature has long discussed helpful hints in OPACs, including help by means of query expansion and search tips. Context-sensitive help may be used to assist users in question negotiation. The CSULA catalog utilizes contextsensitive search examples on its basic search screen. As shown in figure 9, when the user selects a search method, a context-sensitive example appears above the searchinput box that tells the user how to input an author search, a title search, or a keyword search when that option has been selected. This approach minimizes clutter on the screens. Brajnik et al. explain that help should be provided autonomously by the system without the user’s request, offering tools and concepts that will enable users to generate better strategies. Another approach is to implement user help through tips or tactics selected and accumulated from a collection of common usersearch mistakes. In such a case, the system would play a more active role by generating relevant search tips on the fly and using zero-hits search results as a basis for generating a spell check or suggesting alternate wording. An ideal scenario is that OPAC allows the user to pursue multiple avenues of an inquiry by entering fragments of the question, exploring vocabulary choices, and reformulating the search with the assistance of various specialized intelligent assistants. Borgman suggests that an OPAC should be judged by whether the catalog answers questions rather than merely matches queries. She suggests the need to design systems that are based on behavioral models of how people ask questions, arguing that users still need to translate their question into what a system will accept.
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