Ecological niche model for Ursus thibetanus. Potential distribution based on areas climatically suitable for the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus; red) and areas environmentally unsuitable (gray) are shown across the study area (dotted line). Several areas environmentally suitable are currently occupied by human settlements and were classified as unsuitable due to anthropogenic perturbation (i.e., human–wildland interface non-tolerable by the species; see Materials and methods); such areas are denoted in yellow.