The apparent rarity of NPD was used, along with the finding that NPD has significant overlap with other psychiatric disorders, to argue that the personality disorder should be removed from DSM-5 altogether and that narcissism would be better conceptualized as a continuous trait or “dimension” instead of a categorical diagnosis.4,5 It was almost omitted, but after much debate, NPD was ultimately retained in DSM-5 as a personality disorder with specific diagnostic criteria, while also included in a separate chapter called “Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders,” with a more dimensional conceptualization that features both aspects of normal personality and pathological personality traits.