The integrated knowledge management model draws upon elements presented by Bukowitz & Williams, Gamble & Blackwell, Botha et al, and Nonaka & Takeuchi. It also includes the concept of organizational memory as defined earlier.
The dark gray elements represent KM initiatives, the yellow boxes represent corporate strategy, while the teal boxes depict data and information systems and repositories. The process is initiated from the tactical and strategic considerations, illustrating the way KM strategy goes hand in hand with corporate strategy. The non-bolded elements in the gray oval indicate the knowledge related processes that go on within the organization as it operates, and which management affects/enhances through its initiatives.