Goal setting in a safety process has received some attention in the safety training literature (NIOSH, 1999), and goal setting is commonly used in behavioral safety to augment the effects of safety training alone (Reber & Wallin, 1984). There are several issues pertaining to goal setting that warrant further research. For example, several studies have compared the effectiveness of goal setting that is assigned (e.g., goals assigned by a supervisor without employee input) and goals that are participative (e.g., goals generated by employees or safety committees), however, the evidence for differential effects of assigned versus participatory goal setting is mixed (Fellner & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1984; Ludwig & Geller, 1997).