where S0 ¼ the concentration of glucose and fructose in thick juice þ the concentration of sucrose in thick juice 360/342, and V1 is working volume of R1, which was 450 cm3. By solving the Eqs. (1)e(3), f11, f12, and f2 were 16.5 cm3 h1, 73.5 cm3 h1, and 8.4 cm3 h1, respectively. The dilution rates of R2 (D2) and the total process (DT) were then calculated as follows: