Walking has several advantages over other forms of exercise during the initial phases of a cardiac exercise program. Brisk walk training programs can result in substantial improvements in the fitness and health factors listed above. Walking offers an easily tolerable exercise intensity and causes fewer orthopedic problems than jogging or running. It is also an activity that requires no special equipment other than a pair of well-fitted athletic shoes. Upper body aerobic exercise and resistance (weight) training can safely and effectively increase muscle strength and endurance in clinically stable coronary patients. These changes also result in improved cardiovascular function, reducing the heart rate and blood pressure responses to upper body work (e.g., lifting). Consequently, such training regimens can decrease the cardiac demands of occupational and leisure-time activities and provide greater diversity to the physical conditioning program, which may increase patient interest and adherence. Single set resistance training programs performed a minimum of two to three times per week are recommended over multi-set programs because they are highly effective and less time consuming. It is further recommended that these regimens include 8 to 10 different exercises that use the major muscle groups (arms, shoulders, chest, back, hips, and legs). A load that permits 10 to 15 repetitions to a moderate level of fatigue is recommended.