4. Conclusion
Eco-friendly dyeing of wet blue goat nappa skin was carried out with a colorant obtained from P. minioluteum. Unlike expensive and toxic synthetic dyes, this natural colorant was found to be eco- benign and cost effective because of many reasons. Firstly, because the raw material of dye i.e. microbial culture is very cheap and easily available. Secondly, due to the presence of natural aux- iliaries and tanning agents in the colorant because of which color was highly substantive and needed no additional chemicals. Thirdly, these natural agents also helped in decreasing the dyeing time that consequently lowered the production cost. Lastly, unlike synthetic dyes no costly chemicals were required to improve the after dyeing characteristics as the sample showed uniform dyeing with good color uptake and rub fastness. Collectively because of the listed reasons, the dye extracted from P. minioluteum is significantly economical as compared to synthetic leather dyes. Moreover, if production of this colorant is carried out in bulk using bigger fer- menters having biodegradable waste as a growth medium, this technology can become even more cost effective.