In our study, association-level talk in general may have been related to deeper processing of words learned and thereby growthin receptive vocabulary. In the end, with regard to duration, moretime spent on vocabulary-related association talk (e.g., What is thedifference between frozen water and liquid?) was found to be relatedto growth in children’s general receptive vocabulary. In addition,increased time spent in comprehension-related association talk(e.g., Can you drink something that is frozen? Why or why not?) wasrelated to greater gains in generalized receptive vocabulary.