self-expressed than in everyday life, not because they find the toured objects are authentic but simply because they are engaging in non-
ordinary activities, free from the constraints of the daily. Thus, ana-
lytically speaking, in addition to objective and constructive auth-
enticities, the existential authenticity is a distinctive source of authentic experiences in tourism. Unlike the objectrelated case which is the attribute, or the projected attribute, of objects, existential authenticity is a potential existential state of Being which is to be activated by tourist activities. In this sense, the existential version can also be understood as -a kind of what Brown .(1996) calls an "authentically good time". This, as activity-related authenticity, is thus logically distinguishable from the object-related case (Table 1).
The Approach of Objectivism
In his nostalgic critique of mass tourism in terms of heroic travel in the past, Boorstin (1964) condemned mass tourism as "pseudo-
events", which were brought about by the commoditization of culture and the associated homogenization and standardization of tourist experiences. For Boorstin, under commoditization,notonly are tourist attractions contrived scenes or pseudo-events, but also the "tourist seldom likes the authentic ... product of the foreign culture; he prefers his own provincial expectations''- (1964:106). The tourist is thus gull-
ible; "he is prepared to be ruled by the law of pseudo-_events; by