Considering the solar radiation in Port Harcourt (4 470 North, 6 590 East) which varies between 3.5 and 4.9 kWh m2 day1 [21], a 500 W solar-PV module that consists of about 126 cells connected in series as manufactured by Viridian Solar UK (PV 30/500) [22] is modelled based on a simplified four parameter model that is expressed in Eqs. (1)–(8) [23] (the parameters in Eqs. (1)–(8) are described only in the Nomenclature Section)